Computer Management
Computer History
I was a teacher in the building in Glasgow day event on federated identity management. Basement, directly in front of toilets, they were three displays. Some of the display memory. Some of my experience, some old stories Tagen.Offensichtlich this is the second of Sinclair Research Calculator. The first model was not “scientific”.
Computer viruses
Developed part
1
As in all areas of computer science, and viruses, a great deed, over the years. Series of press releases which starts today, I look at the origins and development of malicious code since its first appearance to the present.
return to the source of the virus, it was in 1949 that mathematician John von Neumann self-replicating programs which could resemble the viruses as they are known today described. However, it was only 60 years, we’ve got the predecessor of current viruses. This decade, a group of programmers developed a game called Core Wars, which at a time when he was executed to restore it, even saturate the memory of other players computers. Strange game creators also created the first antivirus, an application called the Reeperbahn, the copies created by Core Wars can destroy. However, it was only in 1983 that one of these programmers, the existence of Core Wars, which he described the following year in the journal declared: That was actually the starting point of what we have today was computer virusesIt is still young MS-DOS operating system to excel in the world .. It was a system with great prospects, but still many drawbacks as well, which arose from software developments and the lack of many hardware elements known today. However, this new operating system is the target of the virus in 1986: The Brain, a malicious code created in Pakistan which infected boot sectors of disks so that their contents can not access. . This year also was the birth of the first Trojan: an application called PC-Write
A short time later identified virus writers to infect files can also damage the system. In 1987 appeared a virus called, rightly -02, which files are infected COM and opened the door to viruses notorious Jerusalem or Viernes -13 However, the worst was yet to come: In 1988, the date on which the “worm Morris” appeared, infecting 6000 computers started from then until 1995, the well-known types of malicious code first development now. Macro viruses appeared, polymorphic viruses … Some even triggered epidemics, such as Michael Angelo. However, there was an event which changed the virus scenario worldwide: the massive use of the Internet and e-mail. Gradually, viruses started this readjustment of the publication in 1999 of Melissa, the first malicious code to cause a worldwide epidemic, opening a new era for computer viruses.Part 2
this second chapter of “The Evolution of the virus,” as malicious code looking to spread before the Internet and e-mail became as commonplace as today, the main goals These creators of viruses before.
to the World Wide Web and e-mail as a communication standard has been all over the world, major media, the spread of viruses on floppy disks, removable disks, CDs, etc., are included in the files already infected, or with virus code into the boot sector guide.
In most cases in the past that running a series of malicious code on-screen messages, pictures or sounds caused productivity to catch the attention of the user. This was the case with Ping Pong virus, which displayed a bouncing ball from one side of the screen to another. This type of sophisticated view was used by the creator of the virus to achieve a great reputation as possible. Today, however, the opposite is the norm, try with virus writers to make malicious code as discreet as possible, infecting users’ systems without noticing that something is wrong.
Section 3
This third chapter in the evolution “of viruses’ will look on the Internet and e-mail changed the multiple techniques used by viruses.
Internet e-mail communication revolution. As expected, virus creators did not take long to realize that with this new means of communication, a great way to spread their works far too broke. Therefore, they quickly changed their target to catch a few computers while drawing as much attention as possible damage to themselves many computers as possible, as quickly as possible. This change led to a strategy first virus epidemic in the world caused by the Melissa worm. Melissa’s arrival, from the economic effects of a virus can be a problem. As a result, users started before all the companies to think seriously about the impact of viruses on their computer’s security. So users anti-virus software, which began to be installed found a lot. Also run, slip on a new challenge for virus writers, like in the past this protection and how to convince users that the infected files to post. answer that virus strategies was the most effective worm came a new form: a love letter, a simple but effective trick that an early form of social engineering can be used. This strategy involves inserting false messages to trick users think that the message of the thing, except it contains a virus. This bait is a worm was easy, it led users to believe that they will receive a love letter. This technique is still the most widely used. Utilizing the popular software vulnerabilities: It is, however, followed a different tactic following the center of attention recently. This strategy offers a number of ways depending exploit the vulnerability. The first malicious code with this method quite successfully, were Kakworm BubbleBoy and worms. These worms exploit a vulnerability in Internet Explorer by HTML body of an email they may be executed automatically, without making the user a little. Vulnerabilities allow many kinds of measures to be carried out. For example, they can fall and viruses on computers directly from the Internet such as the Blaster worm. In fact, the effects of the virus on the vulnerability that the author is trying to use depends on the virus.Part 4
In the early days gave the computer has relatively few computers may contain “sensitive” data such as credit card numbers or other financial data, these were limited in all large companies have already integrated computer work processes.
In any case, the information stored on computers must have no effect, but if the computer was connected to a network through which to communicate. There were of course exceptions, and there were instances where hackers have committed fraud by using the data stored in IT systems are. However, this is achieved through typical hacking activities, which included no viruses. advent of the Internet however caused virus creators to change their destinations, and from that moment on, she tried as many computers as possible in the shortest order. Paste launch Internet services like e-banking or online shopping brought other changes. Some virus creators started writing malicious codes not to infect computers, but to steal confidential data related to these services. Likely to achieve this, they need viruses that may infect many computers silently. your evil work at last with the advent in 1986 of a new type of malicious code generically as “Trojan Horse” or simply “Trojan Horse” are rewarded. This Trojan first was called PC-Write and tried to pass himself shareware version of a word processing program. When run, the Trojan drops a functional word processor appears on the screen. The problem was that while the user writes, PC-Write deleted files damage your hard drive of computers. After Write-PC, this type of malicious code evolved very quickly to combine today’s Trojans arrive. Today, many of the people, Trojans, data can not be considered virus writers but simply thieves who were with blowtorches or dynamite viruses, steal their crimes. Ldpinch.W or families Bancos or Tolg Trojans are examplesPart 5
although none can be left out, there are some areas CS specific played a more crucial role than others in terms of evolution of viruses. One of the areas most influential has been the development of programming languages.
These languages are essentially a means of communication with computers to tell them what to do. Even if each one has its own development of a specific formulation of the rules computers are actually only one language called “machine code”. Act Programming an interpreter between the programmer and the computer. Of course, as you can direct a computer to communicate, the better to understand you, and more complex operations can be performed there. After that programming languages ”low level”, depending on whether their syntax is more understandable for programmers or for computers divided be. Language “high” uses terms that are not easily understandable for most programmers, but not so much for computers. Visual Basic and C are good examples of this type of language. On the contrary, expressions used in “low-level assembler” machine code languages are close, but very difficult for someone who was not involved in programming to understand. One, the most powerful examples of the most widely used of this type of language is “”. to explain the use of programming languages through virus history, it is necessary to direct the development of hardware. It is not hard to understand, because he has an 8-bit processor on the power of modern 64-bit processors, and. There are of course had an impact through programming languages But the following chapters in this series we are all kinds of programming languages creators of the virus throughout history, computer trouble: – antecessor Virus Wars Core like the first episode of this series explains, a group of programs called Core Wars, developed by engineers in a large media company, are antecessor present-day viruses. Computer science is still at an early stage and developed programming. Reason the authors used these proto-viruses, language, machine code is almost immediately the program. Strange, it seems that one of the Core Wars programmers Robert Thomas Morris, whose son programmed years later, “Morris. Maggot” It was particularly known malicious code since she managed to infect computers 6000, an impressive figure for 1988 -. Guru’s new 8-bit language assembly . Names Altair, IMSAI and Apple U.S. Sinclair, Commodore and Atari in Europe, bring memories of times past, when a new generation of computer enthusiasts “fought” the programming to establish a place in the world. As far as a programmer needs a deep knowledge of machine code assembler are as interpreter of high level languages used too much time running. BASIC, for example, was the language is relatively easy, can learn to develop the application software quickly and easily. It was. but a lot of limitations g, the appearance of two groups of programmers: those who used assembler and those High-level languages (Pascal bases, which mostly) changed computer time lovers have enjoyed more. by programming useful software than malware. However, 1981 saw the birth of what may be the first virus was 8-bit. his name “Elk Cloner” and is programmed to infect a machine code. and this virus can Apple II systems, and show a message when the computer is infected with it.Part 6
computer viruses in the same way as in other fields to develop the IT to understand. The two most important factors, such as viruses have current levels they are reached, the development of programming languages and the emergence of hardware ever harder.
In 1981, Almost at the same time as Elk Kloner (the first virus 8-bit processors), his appearance, the new operating system became increasingly popular. His full name was Microsoft Disk Operating System, although computer buffs throughout the world would soon become asDOS viruses
development of MS-DOS systems coincided with the emergence of new hardware and more powerful. personal computers were gradually establishing itself as a tool that people use in their daily lives can, and the result was that the number of users personal computers increased. perhaps inevitably, more users also started the development of new viruses. Gradually, we witnessed the appearance of viruses and Trojan horses first DOS, written in assembler and is the degree of skill on the part of their posters.
Far programmers less know assembler written in familiar high-level languages is much easier to learn. malicious code Fortran, Basic, COBOL, C or Pascal appear soon. the last two languages, which are well established and very strong, are the most widely used, especially in versions TurboC and Turbo Pascal them. This led to Eventually the advent of “families” virus out, ie, viruses, be accompanied by a variety of related viruses, which is slightly different forms of the other original code. users have access to less “artistic” to create devastating viruses that did not require any knowledge in programming. started as a batch file processing and viruses or BAT appear viruses.Win16 viruses
development of processors 16-bit led to a new era in computer technology. The first result was the birth of Windows that the same time, only one application would facilitate, manipulate DOS with a graphical interface.
structure of Windows 3.xx files is rather hard to understand, the very complicated assembly code, as a result some virus programmers initially attempted to develop for this platform. but This issue was resolved quickly by the development of programming tools for high-level languages, Visual Basic in particular. This program is so effective creators of many viruses, participated as a “tool for daily work.” theirs, that would write a virus task, and viruses very simple to soon appeared in their hundreds. This development was the appearance of the first Trojans able to steal passwords with. As a result, more than 500 versions of the AOL family of Trojans designed to steal personal information from computers infected were identified.Part 7
This seventh edition of the history of viruses, such as the development of Windows and Visual Basic is not business that affect the development of viruses, such as the development of these epidemics around the world have also developed the first, caused by Melissa in 1999.
removed while opening windows, a request DOS easier on the platform 32-bit operating system changes to manage their own right, the creators of the virus returned by assembler language the most important for viruses programming. Versions 5 and 6 of Visual Basic (VB) were developed, making it the tool of choice, along with Borland Delphi (Development for Pascal in Windows), Trojan and writers worm. He opens then Visual C environment, strong in C for Windows, to create virus .. Trojan horses and worms received The last type of malware gained unusual had taken over almost all other types of viruses, even if the characteristics of worms over time have changed, they all have the same goal: to spread as many computers as possible, as soon as possible. In time, Visual Basic and very popular Microsoft has implemented a subset of this language as an interpreter running script files with a similar syntax. at the same time as the Win32 platform was implemented, first script viruses, but appeared. (.. EXE files and COM). Malicious simple text file, which showed that not only executable files, viruses can carry with them as seen in BAT viruses, there are other means of reproduction proves the adage “Anything that can be made directly or through an interpreter contain malicious software.” In fact it turned out, and viruses first infected with the macros included with Microsoft Office. As a result, Word, Excel, Access and PowerPoint destruction of expansion opportunities “Lethal Weapon”, the information if the user is simply a document to open.self Melissa Making worms
interpreters screenplay strong writers Microsoft Office and virus allowed their creations with the properties of the arm worms. A clear example is Melissa, Macro Word Virus with Properties of a worm which infected 97 and 2000 documents. This worm automatically sends itself as an attachment in an e-mail on 50 first contacts in the Outlook address book on the infected computer. This technique, which unfortunately has become very popular today, was first used in 1999 in the virus that caused the biggest epidemics in computer history only a few days. In fact, companies like Microsoft, Intel and Lucent to make connections to the Internet through the actions of Melissa Block.
technique started by Melissa in 1999 by viruses like VBS / download link, which develops over its predecessor itself to all contacts on the infected computer. Thus began sending a new wave of worms open to all contacts in Outlook’s address book on the infected computer. Of these, the worm is most clearly from the rest of VBS / Loveletter, originated more commonly known as “I love you,” she announced in May 2000 caused a pandemic, the damage at 10,000 million euros caused appreciated. The user’s attention to and help him spread, this worm is sent in an e-mail with the “ILOVEYOU” the topic file attachment called “Love Letters-For-YOU.TXT.vbs”. If the user opened this attachment your computer was infected. In addition Melissa, in 1999 another type of virus that landmark in the history of the virus. In November of that year appeared in VBS / Bubbleboy, a new type of Internet worm was VBScript writing. VBS / Bubbleboy automatically without the user clicking on the attachment is run, As he was supposed to be a security hole in Internet Explorer 5 to automatically run when a message was opened or viewed. worm was created in 2000 by JS / Kak.Worm that due to expansion behind Javascript automatic signature in Microsoft Outlook Express, then this To infect computers without the user having to run an attachment. These were the first examples of several worms. later on by worms capable of attacking computers when the user on the Internet were associated with this subject I have more for you to read: PC Security enhancements10 reasons why u must play Crash
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Computer Management
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